Among the many revolutionary groups that contributed to India’s independence struggle, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar’s Varnasena—also known as the “Monkey Brigade”—stands out as a unique and lesser-known force. Comprising primarily of young boys and teenagers, this covert group played a vital supporting role in the anti-colonial resistance of the early 20th century.
Mythology Meets Revolution
Inspired by the Vanara Sena (monkey army) from the Ramayana, Savarkar named the brigade to evoke the spirit of youthful bravery and loyalty. Just as Lord Rama’s allies helped vanquish Ravana, these young revolutionaries contributed to the cause of freedom through non-violent yet strategic efforts.
Silent but Significant Contributions
Avoiding direct confrontation, the Varnasena specialized in espionage, surveillance, and logistical support. Their activities included:
- Covert Messaging: Delivering confidential correspondence between revolutionaries.
- Surveillance: Monitoring British officials and mapping safe routes.
- Propaganda: Circulating banned nationalist literature and posters.
- Emergency Support: Serving as lookouts and aiding escapes during police raids.
Savarkar’s Vision: Discipline and Patriotism
Savarkar viewed the brigade as a means to instill physical fitness, tactical awareness, and nationalist ideals in young minds. His aim was to shape a fearless, disciplined generation dedicated to the dream of Hindu Rashtra and liberation from British rule.
Final Thoughts: Legacy & Clarifications
Though small and often overshadowed, the Varnasena exemplifies Savarkar’s innovative methods—mobilizing even the youth in the freedom struggle. It is important, however, to separate the activities of this group from unrelated incidents in Savarkar’s early life.
According to Dhananjay Keer’s biography Veer Savarkar and Savarkar’s own recollections, a teenage Savarkar once led classmates in throwing stones at a mosque in Bhagur. This act, reportedly in retaliation for provocations during religious processions, was a one-time event and not part of any organized or communal campaign. It predates the formation of the Varnasena and should not be conflated with its mission, which was strictly anti-colonial and clandestine in nature.
The Varnasena remains a compelling chapter in India’s freedom movement – where myth, strategy, and youthful zeal came together to challenge imperial rule.
What are your thoughts on Savarkar’s Monkey Brigade? Share your views in the comments below!
Source:
Dua, Shyam. Ed. (2004).The Luminous Life of Veer Savarkar. New Delhi: Printline Books/Tiny Tot Publications.
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